A dental hygienist is primarily responsible for the cleaning of a patient’s teeth.  During the cleaning of the teeth the hygienist removes the soft and hard deposits from the teeth while examining the gums in order to record any noticeable disease or abnormality.  They may also perform a number of additional tasks such as the removal of calculus, stains and plaque, they do root planning as therapy for periodontal patients, take and develop x-rays and apply fluoride and sealants.  Hygienists normally perform accelerated tasks that require special training but in some instances they may assist the doctor with duties normally performed by the dental assistant.  These tasks could include administering anesthetics, application of filling materials, periodontal dressings, removal of sutures and the smoothing and polishing of metal restorations.

It is also the job of the hygienist to education patients on the practice of good oral hygiene.  They instruct on the proper brushing techniques that include brushing near the gum line and both sides of the tooth and inform patients on flossing importance and use.  It is with the hygienist that many people learn about preventative dental care.  Children are often taught the importance of proper brushing and flossing also.  The hygienist may also implement strategies in conjunction with the patient to develop and maintain good oral health.  They explain the correlation between diet and oral health and are also instrumental is helping a patient choose the right toothbrush and toothpaste.

There are a number of instruments used by a dental hygienist.  There are hand and rotary instruments that are used to clean and polish teeth that require technique to use safely.  The use of a syringe is prevalent for the use of anesthetics so it is important for a hygienist to be knowledgeable about measurements when administering drugs.  Dental hygienists are also required to understand the workings of the x-ray machine in order to properly take dental pictures for a closer look at the dental work.  In explaining oral hygiene, it may also be necessary for a hygienist to use a model of teeth as a display.

Dental hygienists must also be informed and educated as to the proper safety devices that may be used.  When using the x-ray machine it is important to follow procedure precisely so as not to cause harm to oneself or the patient.  Safety glasses, surgical masks and gloves are also worn to protect against any infectious diseases and to maintain a sanitary workplace.